Making the Case for Psychological Hazards on the Energy Wheel

30 Second Takeaway

The Energy Wheel is built on the principle that uncontrolled energy causes harm. While traditionally focused on physical risks, it overlooks psychological energy stress, trauma, fatigue, and emotional pressure that directly affect safety. Integrating psychological hazards into the Energy Wheel completes the system and reflects the realities of modern construction.

A Familiar Tool With a Missing Piece

During a recent orientation, the Energy Wheel made another appearance — a model many construction and crane professionals have relied on for decades. Electrical, mechanical, chemical, gravitational, and thermal energy are all clearly defined, giving crews a shared language for identifying and controlling hazards.

But while worksites have evolved, the Energy Wheel has remained largely unchanged.

Equipment is smarter. Systems are more complex. Expectations are higher. And yet one form of energy remains absent from the conversation: psychological energy.

In that omission, we leave psychological hazards unrecognized and unmanaged.

Expanding What We Mean by “Energy”

The foundation of the Energy Wheel is simple: incidents occur when energy is transferred without adequate control. Historically, that harm has been physical falls, crush injuries, shocks, burns.

But every jobsite also runs on mental and emotional energy.

Stress, fatigue, exposure to trauma, moral injury, bullying, and chronic overload all affect how workers perceive risk, communicate, and make decisions. These psychological hazards may not leave visible marks, but their impact is measurable.

When a worker is distracted by anxiety or exhaustion, their ability to recognize and respond to other forms of energy moving equipment, suspended loads, changing conditions is compromised. Psychological strain increases the likelihood of near misses and serious incidents.

If safety systems aim to control all energy sources, psychological energy cannot remain outside the framework.

The Hidden Transfer of Psychological Energy

Energy on a jobsite doesn’t only move through machines and materials. It moves through people.

A supervisor’s tone during a morning meeting. The tension after a near miss. The ripple effect of grief following a serious incident. These are all forms of energy transfer that shape behavior and performance.

When psychological energy goes unmanaged, pressure builds. Crews feel it through irritability, disengagement, silence, or conflict. In physical safety terms, this would be considered stored energy something no safety professional would knowingly leave uncontrolled.

Adding psychological hazards to the Energy Wheel shifts the focus from individual blame to system awareness. It reframes the question from “What’s wrong with that worker?” to “What’s happening in this environment that’s increasing psychological load?”

That is systems thinking the same approach already used for physical hazards.

Why Psychological Hazards Don’t Belong in a Separate Box

Psychological risk is often pushed into wellness programs, treated as optional or secondary to “real” safety concerns. But separating mental health from hazard assessment creates blind spots.

Psychological strain shows up operationally:

• Reduced attention and situational awareness

• Increased presenteeism and absenteeism

• Communication breakdowns between crews

• Hesitation to speak up about risk

• Higher turnover and burnout

These outcomes affect production, quality, and safety performance. They are not peripheral issues they are operational hazards.

Integrating psychological hazards into the Energy Wheel doesn’t replace physical safety. It completes it.

A Forward-Thinking Energy Wheel

Imagine the Energy Wheel with an additional spoke: Psychological Energy.

Under that category, hazards might include:

• Chronic stress and overload

• Exposure to trauma or critical incidents

• Bullying, harassment, or moral injury

• Fatigue and burnout

• Role ambiguity and unsafe leadership behaviors

As with physical energy, controls would follow:

• Access to mental health and peer support

• Supervisor training on early recognition of distress

• Clear, predictable communication before and after incidents

• Trauma-informed debriefing practices

• Crew-level rituals that rebuild trust after difficult events

Applying the same identify–assess–control–review process makes psychological safety visible, measurable, and actionable. This is not a new program — it is an evolution of an existing system.

Rethinking Safety Culture for the Future

Construction has long valued toughness, endurance, and resilience. But the future of safety leadership demands more than endurance alone.

Recognizing psychological energy as part of the safety system signals that cognitive and emotional factors matter because they influence every decision made onsite. This is not softness. It is strategy.

Just as lockout procedures protect against physical energy, structured communication, check-ins, and recovery processes protect against psychological overload. Just as PPE shields the body, strong leadership behaviors and predictable systems protect the mind.

The industry has adapted before. It can adapt again.

The Energy Wheel, Reimagined

The Energy Wheel is more than a training visual it reflects how the industry thinks about risk.

Expanding it to include psychological hazards acknowledges a simple truth: the most powerful energy on a jobsite is human.

Crews that learn to manage both physical and psychological energy will be safer, more resilient, and more connected. The choice is not between tradition and progress it is between leaving energy uncontrolled or managing it responsibly.

Because ignoring psychological energy doesn’t make it disappear.

It just leaves it unmanaged.

FAQ

What are psychological hazards in construction?

They include stress, fatigue, exposure to trauma, bullying, moral injury, and other mental or emotional pressures that affect safety and performance.

Why add psychological hazards to the Energy Wheel?

Because uncontrolled psychological energy directly increases the risk of physical incidents and safety failures.

Does this replace traditional safety controls?

No. It expands existing systems to reflect the full range of risk present on modern jobsites.

How can crews control psychological energy?

Through leadership awareness, communication practices, support systems, and trauma-informed processes just as physical energy is controlled through engineering and administrative controls.